Applications Of Mechatronics In Aviation Engineering Essay

Utilizations Of Mechatronics In Aviation Engineering Essay The term Aviation covers all the exercises included structure of flying airplane particularly planes. The two significant divisions are assembling of air art and its parts, and second carriers activity. This assembling incorporates of space specialty, rockets and related electrical and electronic parts. This avionics industry partitioned into Air make producing General flying exercises Aircraft activity Air terminal activity Flying help enterprises Utilizations of Mechatronics in Aviation This article will examine about a portion of the segments utilized in avionics industry which identifies with uses of mechatronics. Aileron Folds and Actuator drive unit Pilot Static framework Fly by wire control framework Yaw damper Essential flight control framework Inside route framework Under carriage Estimation of engine rpm Estimation of wind current speed Elevation estimation sensor Velocity Aileron This ailerons were mounted by the pivots in a response test edges and assortment of actuator setups with flexible connections. Electro dynamic shaker appended with a reinforced cushion to the detachable closeout rib are utilized to apply different frequencies and sufficiency to the aileron. An accelerometer used to screen the recurrence reactions. In the event that the frequencies were equivalent the ripple free execution of the composite aileron was anticipated. A couple of actuators fixed by the cushions to the back of the ailerons. This is utilized to stack and decide the chordwise bowing and torsional inflexibility. The development are estimated at nine focuses on the ailerons were estimated by two different ways. The two different ways are straight transducers and optical. Folds This folds built with parametric PC model and actuator framework. The general model could moved the full scope of fold revolution and diversions and it could speak to the warm development in both vertical ways and longitudinal. The drive unit turns in its mounting hub to keep up intersection of the pinion apparatus and part gear paying little heed to any movements in the area of the fold pivot hub. The current PC configuration model is utilized to decide the genuine development at the holding on for the framework in a thermally avoided and adjust the necessary development. This PC model is utilized to discover the wellsprings of impedance and disposes of the source. This framework is dependable just as basic for constant assurance of parts areas in the vehicle. It is hard for legitimate arrangement of the parts with out this PC model and drive unit. Actuator drive unit This actuator drive unit is intended to make most extreme torque and speed if any two electrical or controller disappointments. Due to weight concern mechanical repetition isn't given likewise it will expand impact of intricacy and generally dependability. To determine this issue the safeguard configuration were incorporated into the individual parts to improve the unwavering quality concerns. At the point when the engine channel bombs the remainder of the channel would haul along the bombed engine. Pilot Static System This pilot static framework is for the most part utilized in airplanes to decide the airplanes velocity, Mach number, elevation and height pattern. This framework comprises of pilot tube, a static port and pilot static instruments. This unit likewise quantifies the outer powers following up on the airplane like temperature, weight, thickness and consistency of the liquid while in activity. Rest of the instruments associated with observing PCs and information recorders, elevation encoders, compartment pressurization controllers and different speed switches. The greater part of the business airplane catastrophes have been followed to a disappointment of the pilot. Fly by Wire control Systems This fly by wire control frameworks is generally dependable than manual control of an airplane. The adjustments in flight control parts are changed over to control sign and transmitted to flight control PCs by the wires to decide how to move the actuators at each control surface. This flight control PCs offers input to balance out the airplane execution even without pilot information. Yaw damper In many air make for the most part in planes and turboprobs to diminish the damper because of Dutch move mode this Yaw damper is utilized. It incorporates Yaw rate sensors and processor. This general unit offers sign to an actuator which is associated with the rudder. The motivation behind this yaw damper is to give answer for the better ride to travelers. This segment is required in airplane to guarantee the dependability remains with in the ensured qualities. Essential flight control framework This precisely controlled framework configuration is to give reacts to essential flight control framework. For flight envelope assurance this electronically framework is utilized. This control framework is part into two levels, the four actuator controls and three essential flight PCs. This offers admonitions to direct. In inner route framework incorporates movement sensors (accelerometers) and pivot sensors (gyrators). This arrangement is persistently computing the retribution position, direction, and speed of an airplane and space make. Undercarriage At the point when take off and setting down it permits the airplane to move as a taxi. This structure gather with wheels, buoys and landing gear framework. The arrival gear is using pressurized water turned advance and up during the ground activities until it draws in an uplock snare. This arrival gear entryways having high temperature reusable surface protection warm insurance frameworks tiles combined with their external surface. Portrayal arrangement of engines, batteries and propeller In Mini and Micro air vehicles the portrayal arrangement module has been utilizing. This set up having engines, batteries and propellers, PC, multifunction I/O card, tachometer, current sensor, air speed transducer, thermocouple with conditioner and essential equipment interface. The DC voltage applied to the engine is constrained by LabVIEW based programming. This product consistently gathers the six channels information, figures the designing contributions, just as continue refreshing the screen readout and presentations the information additionally spare the information into ASCII spreadsheet record. The gathered and showed information incorporates engine current, voltage, temperature, RPM, air speed, push, determined momentary force and determined torque. Estimation of engine RPM It is imperative to gauge most productively engine, propeller and apparatus box blend RPM. Motor㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rpm dependent on fluctuating the blends of the drive system㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s parts. Another significant activity is to identify when engine disappointment occur. For this recognition this framework applies two strategies to plan Tachometer. In first technique a wiring saddle to interface with the current continuous framework, magnets and Hall impact sensor on the apparatuses or engine fan. At the point when the fan start to pivots, the Hall impact sensor identifies the field attraction which is created because of turn and imparts a sign to the board that is having capacity to check the beats. In second strategy an optics module is engaged to light up the spinner from the side. At the point when light reflects off a white stripe on the spinner is recognized by the photograph sensor for every unrest. Estimation of wind stream speed By utilizing the warm anemometry the air speed transducer estimates speeds. This technique for estimations offers adaptability with wide ranges for precise estimations. The basic activity of this course of action is an electric flow went through in a fine fiber which is available to the components to cross stream. At the point when the wind stream changes the moving warmth additionally fluctuates and it causes a variety in the warmth parity of the fiber. The fine fiber material having a property to hold the temperature co-effective obstruction. This change is checked by means of electronic strategies and convey the sign to comparing stream speed or stream temperature. This technique additionally utilized for momentary speeds and temperature estimation. Airplane elevation estimation sensor For height estimation Piezoresistive silicon sensors are generally utilized. Because of high exactness prerequisite the solid silicon pressure sensors are utilized and it conveys significant level simple yield signal is corresponding to the applied weight. In the event of progress in temperature the silicon sensors are remunerated due to these are temperature subordinate. This altimeter is utilized as a flat out sensor. The result of the sensor is coordinated to an operational intensifier. The increase and balance of the intensifier circuit is changing by two trimmers, with the goal that it very well may be adjusted. Velocity This differential velocity pressure sensor yield is associated with an operational enhancer. To adjust the sign addition one of the trimmer is utilized. The ports of silicon based sensors are static and variable. To decide the outside pneumatic force Mensor pressure controller was utilized to apply an independent strain to the static port. At the point when increment in the weight contrast between two ports it creates the yield voltage. The yield voltage are most reduced when the weight is equivalent additionally it balance the voltage.

UK Soil Types And The Farming System Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(27) earth wholes to prostration. To see how of import the earth is in finding the farming framework, this investigation is situated in the district of Shropshire, United Kingdom and will put the central soil types and the horticulture framework and how it plays an of import work in British agribusiness. It will other than place the examples which add to being a reasonable arrangement of creation. The nation ‘s supportability will other than be accounted for and how it thinks about to the rest of the UK. We will compose a custom exposition test on UK Soil Types And The Farming System Environmental Sciences Essay or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Soil types will other than be evaluated and the connections between the earth type and the agribusiness examples will be depicted. Agribusiness in Shropshire is an of import work as it is the common utilization of land in the picked nation. The investigation will oppugn why Shropshire plays an of import divide in agribusiness in the UK, how it does this, and whether its manageability is productive in contrasting with different nations in the UK. 2 County of overview 2.1 area Shropshire is situated in the West Midlands of England and limit lines Wales toward the West. The region of Shropshire is one of England ‘s most provincial areas and has an expected populace of 291, 800 of every 2009 and a nation of 319,736 hectares. ( Shropshire Council, 2010 ) Shropshire Figure 1: Location of Shropshire ( Mole Be Gone, non dated ) 2.1 History of Shropshire ‘s Agribusiness Since the eighteenth century, Shropshire has primarily been a rural district. The primary example of agribusiness was in Neotholic times and ever since, the populace had been dominantly provincial. English agribusiness was advanced by continuous authoritiess after the Second World War. After 1973, the United Kingdom turned into an individual from the European Economic Community ( EEC ) , doing husbandmans bolstered and pushed to boost their finished results. Standards were presented by the EEC which set limits on milk creation in 1984, following in 11 million liters less milk being sold in Shropshire in 1 twelvemonth. Winter Wheat turned into a trustworthy and productive reap de to the high yields of the new strain of wheat. In 1988, the ‘Set-a-Side ‘ Scheme was acquaints with chopped down cultivable collect excesss. This gave husbandmans an expense of up to ?200 for each hectare on the off chance that they took at any rate 20 % of their cultivable land into creation. These expenses were go trip to be too much low as husbandmans were non removing their property from creation. In the mid 80 ‘s, horticultural land esteem fell and husbandmans had expanded power per unit region as natural arrangements started, for example, gather splashing holding tight mandates as synthetic compounds caused concern. At present occasions, agribusiness in Shropshire Idaho thriving and come oning significantly. ( Cox et al, 1989 ) 2.1.1 Farming Facts-Agriculture in Shropshire â€Å" 2.2 % of work power is straight utilized in agribusiness † Agribusiness bolsters 22.5 % of the province ‘s work power † â€Å" In 2001, there was 5,330 effectively cultivated horticultural maintenances † â€Å" Average homestead size in Shropshire is 54 hectares † â€Å" It uses 82 percent of the province ‘s land nation † â€Å" The bit of little homesteads has expanded while medium measured homesteads have diminished † Starting: Shropshire Farming Study, ( 2002 ) Figure 2: The pre-winter in horticultural Employment. P.7 ( Shropshire Farming Study, 2002 ) Figure 2 shows that the figure of horticultural business has tumbled from 14,295 to 12,205 doing a reducing of 2090. This could be expected to there being better cultivating building so less horticultural laborers are required. Figure 3: The Change in Farm size Structure. P.6 ( Shropshire Farming Study, 2002 ) Figure 3 shows that the figure of little homesteads from 1981 to 2001 has rose 20 % and the figure of medium measured ranches has diminished by 17 % . Area Landscape, Geology and Landscape Shropshire ‘s topography is extremely different with large entireties of lead, coal and Fe. Figure 4 shows the various kinds of stone around Shropshire. The North of Shropshire has a progressively level land which is extremely prolific. This part of Shropshire is all the more for the most part populated. The North ‘s horticulture is primarily cultivable. The South of Shropshire is a progressively rustic nation with less settlements. Its scene is loaded with slopes, streams and timberlands. Cultivating in this bit of Shropshire is predominantly peaceful. Shropshire ‘s clime is moderate and gets extremely cold in the bumpy nations when in the winter season. ( Wikipedia, 2010 ) Figure 5 shows the clime standards. Figure 4: Shropshire Geology ( Wikipedia, 2000 ) Figure 5: Shawbury Climate Averages ( Met Office, 2007 ) 2.2 Soil Type ( Main ) In Shropshire, representations of a wide range of soil can be found from sandy to loamy soils. This is because of glaciation taking topographic point around the nation. Shropshire ‘s winning soil type is straw colored soils, for example, the fundamental bronzed sandstone stone which is found in North Shropshire. This is the most generally dispersed earth type and is chocolate-earthy colored in shading material and to red in soil profundity. This kind of soil is framed from climate beaten stones, for example, limestone, vitreous silica, rock, and shale. In Shropshire it is predominantly cruel sand. This can result in murphies holding a hapless skin covering affecting the farming framework. It is other than inclined to over-depleting and summer drying up, and in dampness climate it can hold employments holding wet and nourishments. ( EAIS, 2010 ) This earth is obviously acidic and needs standard liming. It is other than low in potassium hydroxide and Mg. ( Jefferson, 2010 ) Manganese needs are causing here. This can affect the agribusiness framework as it caused moderate works developing so husbandmans will be less gainful. Littorals are inclined to weave dissolving, H2O disintegrating and filtering. Its reap appropriateness is predominantly for grain, murphies and malting. Coarse sand has a particle size of 0.2-2mm and has an extremely farinaceous surface. It tends to be like developer ‘s sand. The single molecules can be seen simple. ( Jefferson, 2010b ) With straw colored soils the pliability is low and is non firm doing low stableness. Because of seedbeds being free, profound exhausting can happen doing unneeded works misfortune. Over the top developments under wet conditions can do earth entireties to surrender. You read UK Soil Types And The Farming System Environmental Sciences Essay in classification Exposition models This outcomes in a compacted bed when dried out doing harvest becoming troublesome. Due to there being a significant cluster of endless between iotas, the sandy soils can be truly free run excursion aiming it does non keep H2O and key nourishments great. As the soil descends the H2O table simple it can make a high H2O even exhibit doing a groundwater seepage work because of the earth being porous. The yellowish soils dry out extremely simple so a cluster of water system is required. The wholesome situation of sandy soils is obviously low especially in potassium hydroxide. Because of the earth being mostly acidic it has a low PH. The natural undertaking of sand soils is obviously low other than of roughly 1-2 % . The natural undertaking is of import to keep as iy help follow earth particles together to keep nourishments. It other than causes soil to keep wet, which can be an occupation for sandy soils. The natural undertaking can help gracefully birthrate to the soil as a start of N helping the horticulture framework. Soils with better natural undertakings and wholesome positions will deliver a superior reap. ( Jefferson, 2010c ) Cultivating Enterprises â€Å" Sustainable agribusiness can be characterized as the creation of nutritious and healthy supplement with prosperity and wellbeing of future coevalss in head due regard to ecological effect protection of agrarian assets † ( Jefferson, 2010 ) The current rural approach can indicate supportable agribusiness through its place of strategy including: â€Å" Guaranting the go oning handiness to the shopper of equivalent supplies of, healthy, shifted and modestly valued supplement, created inside congruity with all things considered acknowledged ecological and cultural models † â€Å" Keeping an adaptable and competitory industry which adds to a monetarily attainable rustic culture † â€Å" Ensuring strong insurance of the earth and judicious use of regular assets † â€Å" Conserving and uplifting the scene, untamed life, social and archeological estimation of rural land † â€Å" Respecting a high level of energize being open help † Starting: ECIFM ( non dated ) A horticulture framework is a framework comprised of information sources, techniques and finished results. It is the various kinds of horticulture and techniques utilized in agribusiness, for example, cultivable or field cultivating which can incorporate dairy horticulture or the raising of livestock. Because of the soil type being sandy the harvests that are developed in the nation are grain, murphies and malting. The 2001 nose check informations indicated that 5 % of the national dairy group are in Shropshire and that Shropshire grows 5 % of all murphies developed in England doing it a central agribusiness framework for the nation. ( Shropshire Farming Study. P5. 2002 ) Harvest turning movement is utilized to help the manageability of the agribusiness. â€Å" An all around masterminded turning movement empowers crafted by the ranch to be acceptable dispersed over the twelvemonth, and gives solid job to an entire time staff. † ( White, 1937 ) The benefits of reap revolving movements: aë†? Gives care of good soil development and natural issue aë†? Crontrols certain soil and straw buildup borne plague and infections aë†? Guarantees the horticulture design is reasonable aë†? Gives the best gainful fringe Starting: Jef

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Alternate Your Sentence Length

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Alternate Your Sentence Length Many essay writers use medium-length sentences (like this one) in their essays. Few use short sentences (like this one). Likewise, few use long sentences in their essays, even though long sentences (like this one) can often play a useful role in an essay’s structure and story. Confused? Consider the following example: “At XYZ Inc., I was the manager in charge of leading a team of  12 staff members. Included in my team were four engineers, four marketing professionals and four market analysts. Our goal was to develop a new thingamajig within six months. We worked really hard over the six months and succeeded. The new thingamajig is now on the market and is selling well. As a result of my efforts, I was promoted to vice-president.” All of these sentences have approximately the same number of wordsâ€"and the same rhythm/cadence. Thus, as a group, they are fairly boring to read. Nothing changes. The structure just repeats itself over and over again, as medium-length sentence follows medium-length sentence. Now consider this example:* “At XYZ Inc., I was the manager in charge of leading a thingamajig development team consisting of  12 staff members, four of whom were engineers, four were marketing professionals and four were market analysts. We had just six months to launch our new product. The team worked really hard over the six months and succeeded, and the new thingamajig is now on the market, where it is selling well. As a result of my efforts, I was promoted to vice-president.” The sentences in this paragraph are variedâ€"the first is quite long, the second is very short, the third is medium-long and the fourth medium-short. Sentence variety makes for a much more interesting read, and one very short sentence in the middle of some longer ones can provide precisely the kind of contrast and drama that MBA application essays so often need. *This is a simplified example for illustration purposes. If this were  an actual  essay, we would encourage  the applicant to offer greater insight into his/her experience launching the product. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

A Analytical Dive Into The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 911 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Huckleberry Finn Essay Mark Twain Essay Did you like this example? In Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn there are numerous amounts of literary analysis. However, motifs and themes are the biggest and most important ones used throughout the entirety of the story. The way Mark Twain uses them in the book really help you get a grasp on what he is trying to portray while also helping you get a better understanding of the characters hes using the motifs with and the themes he is also trying to portray through them. Motifs are prevalent through the storys entirety. One of the biggest examples though is Childhood. Its no secret that Huckleberry Finn is a young boy in the book so this motif shouldnt come as that big of a surprise. In a sense I feel like Twain portrayed Huck the way he did because he knew some children would idolize the way Hucks childhood was but also helped recreate it for those of use that are older. For instance according to Jennifer Formichelli (who did a scholarly review on the subject of childhood in Huckleberry Finn) states in Huck Finn alone Twain succeeded at something better than reminding adults of childhood, by actually creating the experience, the thing itself. (Formichelli). I mean he would play hokey, smoke and was basically supervision free. Huck even says in the book Whenever I got uncommon tired I played hookey, and the hiding I got next day done me good and cheered me up. (Citation). As a child we all wanted to do what we wanted without parent supervision and j ust be free to do what we want when we want, like being able to skip school when were tired. Yet, we are able to experience it through Huck within the novel. Although he doesnt get that much of a book education Huck gets a good moral education due to the childhood motif. This is because he is innocent and open-minded enough to embrace new ideas and overlook/overcome the typical prejudices that might typically occur within a young white child during that time period while helping out Jim play a big part as well. Also Hucks childhood innocence makes the books big themes of racism and slavery seem not as heavy due to the innocence of perception and views that is associated with childhood. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Analytical Dive Into The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" essay for you Create order The childhood motif feeds into the theme of Maturation. Thus, being because we get to see Huck go from his childhood state to maturing into adult as the story develops and as he makes his way down the Mississippi River with Jim. Hucks Maturation is the most notable through his relationship with Jim. Jims thoughtful personality and behavior is what drive Huck to grow the most as a person and really gives him an ideal father like figure for the first time in his life. In the book Huck even states Well, he was right; he was most always right; he had an uncommon level head for a nigger (citation). This just shows how highly Huck held Jim. Even though Jim was black he still valued his opinion and did even really question it just assumed he was generally right. Which I believe shows Huck maturing, because despite society frowning upon being friends with or even associated in a formal manner with a slave/African American. Huck goes on to not even care even though he didnt much to begin with anyways, but it truly shows Huck maturation because, it shows that he doesnt care what society thinks he hold Jim and his opinions and views in high regard and hes going to keep it that way regardless of what society thinks. As expected due to the time period the book is set in racism and slavery is a huge theme throughout the book. Since it also set in the south that plays a big part as well. In the South during this time period an African Americans life didnt really hold much value within the eyes of society. The n-word is thrown around frequently threw out the story in order to show just how racist those times were. All though Twain took some heat for it Twain had to use the word because it is historically accurate. The word had wide currency in the South in Twains time, and other regions (Sloane). Which I feel like he had to do if Im being honest. All though its a nasty word it really portrays the racial tension and separation of the time. Another big thing is that the book it self pretty much revolves around racism and slavery because Huck is helping Jim who is a slave escape and that is viewed as a very big social no-no at the time due to how embed into society racism was at the time. Therefore, setting up Huck to be a heroic figure because he know its socially unacceptable/suicide at the time to help out a slave in escaping but he frankly doesnt care because he likes Jim as a person and he is his friend. Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a story that really engages you and makes you feel as if your part of the story. It does this through its uses of literary elements weather its through motifs, themes, etc. Twain will find a way to get you hooked. Twain uses these motifs and themes to draw on Hucks development as a character but also to point out the flaws in society as well.

Vietnam War With Comparisons - 1774 Words

Vietnam War – With comparisons to Korea. The Vietnam War started on the 1st November 1955, however full U.S military involvement was not until over ten years later in 1965 following the Gulf of Tonkin incident in which a U.S Destroyer was reportedly fired upon by North Vietnamese forces. Once again, as with the Korean War five years previous, the North part of the country was the Communists and the South part was the Capitalists. The Vietnam War was a lot more forthcoming than the Korean War, given the ten year period in which military advisers resided in Vietnam before the outbreak. Despite this build up the interest in Vietnam by war correspondents was at a minimal level. It is reported that even in 1963, just two years prior to the full involvement of the U.S military, there were only enough full-time correspondents to fill a table at a restaurant . The lack of media personnel in the country until 1965 shows that despite the indications shown in Korea for the USA to protect their interests, there is not much pull unless there is a full military involvement. The number of correspondents around in Vietnam before 1965 was at a measly eight. However, signifying the size of the war, the peak number in March 1968 hit 645 correspondents in Vietnam . Amongst this number saw a large quantity of female correspondents make their way to Vietnam. In all 467 women were accredited to being correspondents during the war, the most ever in any war . This may have been as a result of theShow MoreRelatedComparison Between War History And The Vietnam War1514 Words   |  7 PagesCONTRAST IN WAR HISTORY KHALED ALRASHIDI ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY Date : 03/03/2016 ENG #107 KURT MYERS On March 29, 1973, the last combat of the US troops finally left southern Vietnam. 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International Business A Common Trend - 1152 Words

International business is vastly growing into a common trend, which initiates accounting issues related to financial reporting among parent companies and its subsidiaries. International business is profitable, but includes its risks such as foreign exchange exposure. Foreign currency exchange exposure relates to the risks involved in translating different foreign currencies. Multinational corporations are affected by foreign exchange exposure by the constant fluctuation of foreign exchange rates. International business are faced by different types of foreign exchange exposure, accounting issues that relate to gains or losses from foreign currency and alternatives of foreign currency translation methods to mitigate the risks. Foreign currency exchange is a common procedure when conducting business abroad. An entity must convert foreign currency into its domestic currency considered as a foreign exchange transaction. An entity must report profits or losses according to its binding domestic currency. The foreign exchange transaction initiates a risk in the foreign exchange transaction depending upon the dominating currency that may produce a profit or loss. For example, a currency that is exchanged for a currency that has a higher value converts into a profit and vice versa. Foreign exchange transactions include spot transactions, forward contracts, swaps and options. These foreign exchange transactions allow international business to mitigate risk according to theShow MoreRelatedChallenges of International Business Management1037 Words   |  5 PagesCHALLENGES OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT What are the challenges of International Business Management? International business management is a term that is used collectively to describe all commercial transactions which include; †¢ Private †¢ Governmental †¢ Sales †¢ Investments †¢ Transportation The above take place between two or more nations. 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International market selection with the world’s cheapest car free essay sample

The majority of growth in the global automobile indus- try in the coming decade will come from emerging economies such as India, China and Eastern Europe, and the largest contribution to growth of auto markets in these countries will be the fast-growing small car segment. The increasing disposable income of the middle-class population is the key driver of small car markets in developing nations. However, in developed regions like the US and western Europe, stringent environmental standards are increasing the need for more fuel-efficient cars. Tata Motors Indian conglomerate Tata Group (www. tata. com) employs nearly 300,000 people in 85 countries and is India’s largest conglomerate company, with revenues in 2006–07 equivalent to US$28 billion (equal to 3. 2 per cent of India’s GDP), and a market capitalization of US$73 billion at the end of 2007. The Tata Group comprises 98 companies in seven business sectors. One of the companies in the Tata Group is Tata Motors. Tata Motors is gearing up for the global market as one of India’s largest automobile makers, manufacturers of buses, commercial trucks and tractor-trailers, passenger cars (Indica, Indigo, Safari, Sumo and the ultra-cheap Nano), light commercial vehicles and utility vehicles. The company sells its cars primarily in India, but about 20 per cent of sales comes from other Asian countries and Africa, Aus- tralia, Europe, the Middle East and South America. In 2008 Tata Motors bought the Jaguar and Land Rover brands from Ford for about US$2. 3 billion. Tata Motors has a workforce of 22,000 employees working in its three plants and other regional offices across the country. Tata Motors has a lower than 20 per cent share of the Indian passenger car market and has recently been suffering a sales slump. In 2007 the company produced 237,343 cars and more than 300,000 buses and trucks. Outside India Tata Motor is selling only a few cars so their international marketing expe- rience is weak. They do, however, have some distinct advantages in comparison to other multinational company competitors. There is definite cost advantage as labour cost is 8–9 per cent of sales against 30– 35 per cent in developed economies. Tata Motors have extensive backward and forward linkages and it is strongly interwoven with machine tools and metals sectors from other parts of the Tata Group. There are favourable government polices and regulations to boost the auto industry including incentives for RD. The acquisitions of Jaguar and Land Rover created financial pressure for Tata Motors, with the company stating that it wanted to spend some US$1. 5 billion over the next four years to expand the facilities manufacturing the luxury brands. In addition to giving Tata a globally recognizable product, the Land Rover and Jaguar deal also gives them an entry into the US. Through a deal with Fiat, Tata is already distributing the Italian cars in India and may expand the offering into South America, a Fiat stronghold. CHAPTER 8 THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET SELECTION PROCESS 287 The alternative for Tata Nano  © david pearson/Alamy. Development of Tata Nano In 2008 Tata unveiled the Nano, the cheapest car in the world, at the Auto Expo in New Delhi. The car seats up to five people, gets up to 55 miles to the gallon, and sells for about US$2,230. At first the Nano will be sold only in India, but Tata hopes to export them after a few initial years of production; the Nano might be exported to Europe as early as 2012. First shipments to Indian customers are expected in mid-2009. Tata Nano started with the vision of Ratan Tata, chairman of Tata Motors’ parent, Tata Group, to create an ultra low-cost car for a new category of Indian consumer: someone who couldn’t afford the US$5,000 sticker price of what was then adding a margin. Rather it set US$2,500 as the price that it thought customers could pay and then worked back, with the help of partners willing to take on a challenge, to build a US$2,500 car that would reward all involved with a small profit. The Nano engineers and partners didn’t simply strip features out of an existing car – the tack Renault took with its Dacia Logan, which sells in India for roughly US$10,000. Instead, they looked at their target customers’ lives for cost-cutting ideas. So, for instance, the Nano has a smaller engine than other cars because more horsepower would be wasted in India’s jam-packed cities, where the average speed is 10 to 20 miles per hour. The Nano aims to bring the joys of motoring to millions of Indians, doing for the subcontinent what the Volkswagen Beetle did for Germany and the Mini for Britain. But the plan has horrified environ- mentalists who fear that the demand from India’s aspirational and increasingly middle-class population – now numbering 50 million in a country with a total 1. 1 billion people – for more cars will add to pollution and global warming. The global automotive industry and the current crises In 2007, a total of 71. 9 million new automobiles were sold worldwide: 22. 9 million in Europe, 21. 4 million in Asia-Pacific, 19. 4 million in USA and Canada, 4. 4 million in Latin America, 2. 4 million in the Middle East and 1. 4 million in Africa. The markets in North America and Japan were stagnant, while those in South America and Asia grew strongly. Of the major then the cheapest car on the market and instead drove his family around on a US$1,000 motorcycle. Many drivers in India can only afford motorcycles and it is fairly common to see an Indian family of four using a motorcycle to get around (see Photo 1). In India alone there are 50 to 100 million people caught in that auto- motive chasm. Until now none of the Indian automakers have focused on that segment, and in this respect the Nano is a great example of the blue ocean strategy. The customer was ever-present in the development of the Nano. Tata didn’t set the price of the Nano by calculating the cost of production and Tata Nano

Dawn Essays - Holocaust Literature, Night, Narration,

Dawn Chapter 1 Takes place in Palestine. The narrator knows that he has to kill a man tomorrow. He doesn't know who it is but he knows what he has to do. The man that was going to die was an Englishman. The reason that he had to kill was because there is a war. Beggar. A man that taught the narrator the difference between night and day. Narrator met him while he was at the synagogue. The man wears black clothes. The narrator met the man when he was 12 years old. The narrator, as a child admitted to the beggar that he was definitely afraid of the beggar. "Night is purer than day; it is better for thinking and loving and dreaming." (4) The man wants to teach the narrator to distinguish between night and day. The beggar taught the narrator to look into the dusk and there would be a face that would appear. Night has a face and day does not. The face that appears is of a dead person. The night before the narrator does what he has to do, he looks into the night and sees his own face. There is going to be an execution at dawn. All of the executions happened at dawn. The "Movement" always kept their word. A month earlier there was one of their fighters that had been on a terrorist operation. He was hauled in by the police and they found weapons on him. They hung the man. By law this is what they were supposed to do. This was the tenth death sentence by the mandatory power in Palestine. The "Old Man" decided that things had gone far enough and now he was not going to allow the English to rule any longer. The Old Man ordered that a military officer be kidnapped. They kidnapped Captain John Dawson who walked alone at night. (6) This made the country very tense. The English ordered a 24 hour curfew. They searched every house, and also arrested hundreds of suspects. Tanks were stationed at the crossroads, barbed wire barricades at street corners. They did not find the hostage. The High Commissioner of Palestine said that the whole country would be held responsible for the murder of the Captain, if he was in fact murdered. A few people got in touch with the Old Man and told him not to go too far. They wanted the man that was supposed to die, to live. If he died than the Captain would die. The mother of the Captain demanded that the English give up the young Jew so that she could have her son back. The men told her that "The Jews will never do it." (8) The Palestinians would not give up the Captain because it would show a sign of weakness. The English would not agree to the pardon because it would show a sign of weakness. It was announced over radio that the Jew was to be executed the next day. They said nothing about the Captain but everyone knew that he would die also. The narrator asked Gad who was going to kill the Captain who was going to kill the Captain. He replied "You are." It was an order from the Old Man. To Gad it was not a big deal. The narrator was amazed by the whole thing. Definite connection to Night. Foreshadow of events. Not wanting to Kill. But being ordered. Chapter 2 The narrator's name is Elisha. Age 18. "Gad had recruited me for the Movement and brought me to Palestine. He had made me into a terrorist." (11) The narrator was held in Buchenwald, a prison camp during the World War. The Americans liberated it and then they offered to send him home. He rejected it because he knew that his parents were dead and that his house and lands were under the control of foreign hands. He went to Paris and that is where he met Gad. He was offered asylum in France. He wanted to learn the language and go to school. but Gad came into his life. "The study of philosophy attracted me because I wanted to understand the meaning of the events of which I had been the victim." (12) "In the concentration camp I had cried out in sorrow and anger against God and also against man, who seemed to have inherited only the cruelty of his creator." (12) Gad, one night, knocked on the narrators door and walked in.

The Vietnam Conflict The Vietnam War was a long and

The Vietnam Conflict The Vietnam War was a long and The Vietnam Conflict The Vietnam War was a long and frustrating experience for the American people. Even before the United States involvement began, North and South Vietnam were in conflict with each other. ?When Vietnam was divided in 1954, many Viet Minh who had been born in the southern part of the country returned to their native villages to await the 1956 elections and the reunification of their nation?(Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99). When the elections did not take place as planned, these Viet Minh sought to overthrow Diem?s government (Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99). ? The Viet Minh were greatly aided in their efforts to organize resistance in the countryside by Diem?s own policies, which alienated many peasants? (Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99).Beginning in 1955, the United States created the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) in South Vietnam. Although Diem was not liked by the U.S. he was the only man that the United States had out there, so they had to back him (Karnow 214).Scene of Viet Cong terrorist bombing in Saigon, Re...Using these troops, Diem took land away from peasants and returned it to former landlords, reversing the land redistribution program implemented by the Viet Minh. Many villagers were moved from their homes to controlled settlements in order to stop Communist activity. Diem also drafted their sons into the ARVN. ?By the late 1950s police-state measures directed against anyone who disagreed with the prevailing edicts of the Diem Regime forced all opposition into the agonizing choice of self-imposed exile (if rich), total silence (if less fortunate and thus forced to remain in Vietnam) or armed 2 resistance? (Fall 138). By 1959, however, opposition to Diem was so widespread in rural areas that the southern Communists formed the National Liberation Front (NLF), and in 1960 the North Vietnamese government gave its formal sanction to the...

Blood and cardivascular Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Blood and cardivascular - Assignment Example Leucocytes use proteases, oxidants and moieties to protect the host. If any foreign microorganism enters the body, leucocytes identifies it and generate a chemical compounds that reacts with the microorganism. The immune system is dependant on the leucocytes. Immunity is a constant protection against any foreign antibody. Lack of leucocytes may lead to devastating infections (Hematology.org, 2014). Platelets are binding agents in the blood stream. These cells remain inactive until a person gets an injury. When a person gets an injury in shape of external cut even a small one, the platelets in blood make a temporary bond at that place to stop the blood loss (Day, 2014). Haemostasis refers to the body’s mechanism to immediately response to an injury. It represents coordination between the platelets and clotting proteins to cease the blood loss in case of any blood vessel injury. When one gets an injuring that cause bleeding, the haemostasis activates and binds the exposed part of the tissue with the factor seven coagulation protein. The factor even protein flows with the blood as its constant constituent. The binding of the exposed tissue and the protein develops a strong clot and stop the bleeding (Novonordisk.com, 2014). Blood groups are determined due to presence of certain type of proteins present in the blood. These proteins are called antigens and antibodies. The surface of the red blood cells has antigens where as the blood plasma has the antibodies. Different blood groups are due to the different combination of antigens and antibodies. Mostly, a person has a similar blood group as one or either of the parents. However, sometimes, a person may a different blood group as that of the parents. The persons with Blood group ‘O’ have red blood cells without any ‘A’ or ‘B’ antigens but blood plasma has both ‘A’ and ‘B’ antibodies. ‘O’ represent a zero (null) in this

Two Familiar Brands Competing in the local Marketplace Essay

Two Familiar Brands Competing in the local Marketplace - Essay Example This paper will make a comparison between two competing brands Tide and Gain which have strong presence in the local market of USA. Each brand of P&G is affected by globalization which also includes Tide & Gain. The marketing programs are different and both brands have different price levels depending on the consumer demand. The price levels range from super premium for top selling products to lower priced products that offer basic advantages only. Tide and Gain are available in majority of retail stores of USA. Tide has international presence while Gain is served only in the local market of USA. Thus, the prices of Tide vary according to the high and low concentration of global market. Tide and Gain has competitive relationship with other detergent brands of P&G. Proctor & Gamble (P&G) is recognized as one of the leading multinational organizations dealing with consumer products in various segments from beauty to house-keeping. It is an Ohio based company headquartered in USA. The p arent company is engaged with the marketing of above 300 brands which include beauty products like shampoo, soaps and household products like detergent, toothpaste etc. P&G has strong market share in the segment comprising of detergent and laundry products. Under detergent category, P&G has six sub-brands which operate in the local market of USA. Around 99% customers use minimum of one P&G brand regularly. Hence, it can be stated that P&G does not focus on one brand. Rather, it emphasizes on many brands under the detergent segment. The reason is that customers’ motives for purchasing detergent brands are different and P&G incorporates different functions for their brands. In one brand, bleaching might be the main priority where in other brands cleaning might be the chief priority. Thus, though parent company is same but Tide and Gain both have their unique identities (Pearson Education, 2011). Segmentation Market includes customers and they differ in several ways for example needs, resources, locations, buying activities, and

The relationship between cannabis use and mental health disorder

The relationship between cannabis use and mental health disorder Abstract This assignment evaluates the relationship between cannabis use and mental health disorder related to it in Australia. Recent national data reflects that cannabis use was at its peak in 1998 when over 60% of people aged 20-29 were reported having used cannabis. Since then various studies have found co relation between cannabis use causing no mental health issues and cannabis use causing schizophrenia and psychosis. Recent studies have found that cannabis is recognized in Australia as the third most prevalent drug of dependence following alcohol and tobacco. About 10% of people who try cannabis will develop dependence at some point in their life. Studies have found relationship between weekly frequency of cannabis use and mental illness such particularly psychosis, schizophrenia, anxiety and depression (www.mhca.org.au). Introduction Cannabis is a plant contains a psychoactive molecule that produces a high associated with this drug. The psychoactive product contains dried flowers and leaves of plants selected to produce high levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (www.dictionary.com). There is a significant and growing research on the relationship between mental illness and cannabis use in Australia. The evidence supports the association between mental illness and regular cannabis use. The evidence states that regular cannabis use from young age will increases the risk of mental illness since there is genetic vulnerability to psychosis being which can be triggered by cannabis use. Evidence shows that cannabis use facilitates schizophrenia in people who have family history of mental illnesses. The average first use of cannabis users is now 14.9 years. This is of a very important concern in Australia as this is the age at which there are psychological changes in brain. Psychosis is an abnormal condition of the mind in gene ric psychiatric term for a mental state is often described as a loss of contact with the reality. This disorder can disable the normal functioning of the brain. This malfunction in brain causes people with elevated risk of death by suicide. Thus it is important to analyse the evidence carefully in order to make conclusions and recommendations (Hall et al, 2004). Relationship between Mental Illness and Cannabis. Certain pockets of Australian population consume cannabis in form of heating or ignition combined with inhalation of smoke or oral consumption of the plant itself mixed into a food medium. The other way that individuals consume cannabis is by vaporization, which causes the active ingredients to evaporate into gas without burning the plant material. This is generally done by boiling the ingredients of cannabis plant. Once these vapours are inhaled, it produces various short term and long term effects. The short term effects range from sleepiness, difficulty keeping track of time, impaired or reduced short term memory. In my general practice I have observed that the patients consuming high amount of cannabis find it hard to communicate and focus. They are generally slower to react and have increased heart rate, heart palpitations and show signs of psychological dependence on cannabis drug consumption. Their reasons for addiction generally range from recreational purposes and sometimes to escape their present hardships in life (Personal Communication, Clinical Placement, 2010). Evidence shown by scientific research shows that potential harm of cannabis use is generally and especially in vulnerable groups such as Aboriginal, young people, people belonging to poor socio economic background. The habit starts from peer pressure and gradually becomes an addiction. Rates of cannabis use by people with mental illness such as anxiety and depression also show heavy use of cannabis use.(Castle, 2004) The self medication hypothesis states that people experiencing signs of mental health disorder consume cannabis in order to alleviate or increase symptoms. There have been longitudinal studies to determine whether the mental illness is related to cannabis use. The hypothesis covers two scenarios -that cannabis initiates mental disorder that were previously lying inactive and that cannabis causes mental health illness who would not otherwise develop them. Thus research has been conducted on biological mechanisms such as effects of cannabis on brain chemistry and its effects on people without genetic predisposition to mental illness. Other social effects are taken into consideration when researching on cannabis users exposed to factors such as poor mental health, substance using peers, school dropout, unemployment and crime. It is a difficult to justify the effects of cannabis on an individual if many variables co exist both for the cannabis user and people with other social vulnerabil ities including family difficulties. Thus it is possible that there is a common genetic factor that predisposes individuals to cannabis use and mental illness (Patton et al, 2002). According to DSouza et al (2004) there is little dispute that cannabis can produce short term recurrences of pre existing psychotic symptoms. However there is no evidence relating to the fact that cannabis actually causes schizophrenia or other psychotic illness in long term (Johns, 2001). Research also shows that cannabis can also amplify a pre existing thought in an individual. These thoughts tend to overwhelm the individual causing severe reactions by individuals including suicide and self harm in extreme cases. In order for ascertain the research Hill (1965) states that following criteria must be met: Strength, consistency, specificity, temporality, biological gradient, coherence and plausibility. Every case needs to support each criteria to make the hypothesis stronger. Relationship between Cannabis consumption and Psychosis A recent study conducted by Hldes et al (2006) states that there is a two way relationship between psychosis and cannabis which states that regular use of cannabis is associated with higher risk of psychotic relapse. Many longitudinal studies have found that the mental illness particularly psychosis leads to increased use of cannabis. Research conducted by Hall et al (2004) states that most common symptoms related to the individuals with psychosis smoking cannabis were sudden confusion which were generally related to delusions and hallucinations. Their emotional state became unstable and showed signs of paranoid symptoms. These findings have been supported by individuals suggesting that they took large doses of cannabis product. Most of these people had no family history of psychosis. Their symptoms were gone once the individuals stopped their cannabis intake. These symptoms were seen back within days once the individuals started cannabis consumption again. Thus this evidence supports the hypothesis that the regular use of cannabis increases chances of psychosis in an individual. On the other hand the other hypothesis can be argued that cannabis intake does not support psychosis. There have been number of studies conducted that have compared people with people who have mental illness post cannabis use and who have developed mental illness prior to cannabis consumption. There is always a little variation in the results. According to Mental health council of Australia, there have been number of researches that have been conducted investigating the cannabis use among individuals with psychotic disorders and found that they were not significantly different from the general population. A range of motive can be grouped into following four categories: coping with unpleasant affect (to relieve emotional distress), enhancement (to have fun), social interaction (to affiliate with others), confirming (to fit in) (www.mhca.org.au) The evidence obtained shows that the first two tend to be heavy cannabis consumers and the later two are just recreational. The first two consume cannabis to relieve themselves from emotional distress, psychotic symptoms and medication side effects which lead them to consume heavy amounts of cannabis in order to feel that state of mind and emotion. People with psychosis initially use substance to change their emotional state and facilitate social contact. They then develop dependence on this substance stating, If I dont smoke then I will not be able to cope. These individuals then have belief that cannabis is the only way out thus worsening their psyche and this will lead to worsening cannabis dependence (Spence in Castle and Murray, 2004) Conclusion Various cases and individual analysis state that there is a strong connection between cannabis consumption and psychosis. The hypothesis states individuals consuming cannabis have developed symptoms of psychosis and these individuals have normalised once they stopped consuming cannabis. Thus, there is some evidence that suggest that cannabis consumption will impact the psyche of an individual but these findings are inconclusive at this stage as it fails to take into consideration other variables such as socioeconomic background, mental state, lack of family and community support. Relationship between Cannabis Consumption and Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental illness caused by disintegration of thinking process and disorientated emotional response. It usually consists of hallucinations, paranoid, disorganized speech and thinking process with social and occupational dysfunction, withdrawal from reality, social apathy (www.dictionary.com) According to research by Mental Health Council of Australia relationship between Schizophrenia and cannabis use is growing though by no means comprehensive. Schizophrenia affects one percent of the Australian population. Smaller but substantial bodies of research exist such as depression and anxiety. In some cases, Schizophrenic patients had previous symptoms of psychotic illness (Hall et al, 2004). In research conducted on 100 young people consuming high amount of cannabis, 49% male with an average age of 19.3 years were identified at ultra high risk of psychosis. Schizophrenia was the symptom with presence of other acute psychotic symptoms. This research is very difficult due to the fact that there are many variables that co exist both cannabis users with mental health illness and non cannabis users with mental health difficulties have similar behavioural problem. Most of them have substance abuse history, unemployment and life time on benefits past. It can be possible that these are the common genetic factors in both cannabis users with mental health issues and non cannabis users with mental health issues (www.mhca.org.au). Longitudinal studies show that continuous cannabis consumption in people with schizophrenia is associated with worse mental health outcome in terms of more severe symptoms and thus there is a greater chance of relapse and more psychosocial issues. Thus frequent cannabis use is associated with a higher risk of psychotic relapse and a more increased risk of cannabis relapse (Hides et al, 2006). Studies conducted by Arsenault et al, (2004) cite cross national surveys from USA, Netherlands and USA found rates of cannabis consumption among people with Schizophrenia was double than those of general population. Thus following conclusions were derived from these findings: Evidence of self medication of cannabis because of pre existing Schizophrenia due to the mental health issues caused by schizophrenia related to negative symptoms may be a factor in continuous Cannabis consumption. There have been consistent longitudinal studies stating that cannabis precipitates schizophrenia and many other psychosis related symptoms in people who are vulnerable because of their family background. The rate of schizophrenia has remained stable or decreased with increases in cannabis use over the past few decades. Overall longitudinal studies conducted by Nemesis study from Holland and New Zealand have made these findings that conclude that cannabis can be considered a casual factor in schizophrenia. Research has found that alleged increases in cannabis use over past two decades have not affected increase in rate of schizophrenia. However vast number of people who consume cannabis have not developed schizophrenia and vast number of people who have schizophrenia have n ot got schizophrenia because of their cannabis consumption (Degenhardt et al, 2004). Conclusion Cannabis consumption may affect small percentage of population that is vulnerable socially and mentally. The pattern of cannabis use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress has manifested by a need for increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect. That effect is then reduced by continuous use of the same amount of substance. Individuals then consume larger amount of substance to achieve that similar feeling and these persistent efforts start to affect the psyche of the individuals. Schizophrenia is more prevalent in individuals with poor socio economic background and history of substance abuse. Cannabis causes changes in neurotransmitter systems that make depressed mood more likely but greater evidence supports that this problem is due to individual behaviour pattern. Evidence from both hypotheses is limited and there needs to be well designed longitudinal studies including studies that examine cannabis use on older Australians to furt her narrow the relation between cannabis use and schizophrenia (Degenhardt et al, 2004).

Dangers Behavior Exposed in Death of a Salesman Essay -- Death Salesma

Dangers Behavior Exposed in Death of a Salesman      Ã‚   Everyone has personal problems that they must face. In the play, Death of a Salesman, the author, Arthur Miller, explores the ways in which some people deal with these problems. Miller reveals Willy Lowman’s tendency to ignore problems as long as possible.   Willy never really does anything to help his situation; he just uses flashbacks to escape into the past.  Ã‚   Through his flashbacks he returns to happier times when problems were scarce. He uses this escape mechanism as if it were a harmless drug that allowed him to cope with living. As the play progresses, the reader learns that even a harmless drug can be dangerous because of the potential for addiction. The first time Willy is seen lapsing off into the past is when he encounters Biff after arriving home. The conversation between Willy and Linda reflects Willy's disappointment in Biff and what he has become - a bum. After failing to deal adequately with his feelings, he escapes back into a time when things were better for his family. It is not uncommon for someone experiencing a low point in life to reminisce about better times.   This enables him to rouse himself so that he can deal with the problems he encounters in the present. Willy Lowman takes it one step further. His refusal to accept reality is so strong that, in his mind, he is transported back in time to relive the happier days of his life. It was a time when Willy and Linda were younger, no one argued, the financial situation was less of a burden, and Biff and Happy enthusiastically welcomed their father back home from long road trips. After a flashback, Willy's need for the "drug" is satiated and he is reassured that ev erything will turn out okay, and th... ...and disillusioned sons. Works Cited Field, B.S.   â€Å"Death of a Salesman† Twentieth Century Literature.   January, 1972. 19-24.   Rpt. in World Literary Criticism.   Ed. Frank Magill.    â€Å"Arthur Miller† Detroit: Gale Research, 1992.   2366-2368. Hoeveler, D. J.   â€Å"Ben’s Influence.†Ã‚   Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman: Modern Critical Interpretations.   Ed. Harold Blum.   Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1988. 72-81. Magill, Frank.   â€Å"Death of a Salesman.†Ã‚   Master Plots.   Englewood Cliffs: Salem, 1976.   1365-1368. Miller, Arthur.   Death of a Salesman.   New York: Penguin, 1969. ---.   Conversations With Arthur Miller.   Jackson: Mississippi UP, 1987. Parker, Brian.   â€Å"Point of View in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman.†Ã‚   Arthur Miller: A Collection of Critical Essays.   Ed. Robert Corrigan.   Englewood Cliffs:   Prentice Hall, 1969.   98-107.

Response Essay

Response Essay In reading the three articles, â€Å"From Degrading to De-Grading† by Alfie Kohn, â€Å"And Now He is Nothing† by Michael Specter and â€Å"Dilma Rousseff† by Simon Romero my impressions of each article varies from one of unbelief to affirmation. As compelling as the ideology of not grading is, the practicality of implementation would be enormous. The assumption that Lance Armstrong is now nothing can it really be so easily dismissed? Finally, Dilma Rousseff rise to power as a right of previous wrongs remains to be seen; each writer conveying a very persuasive argument.I embrace Alfie Kohn’s ideology that by grading a student’s work one actually hinders the process of learning. Having three school-aged children myself, I see the effect grades have on their mindset. If they do not achieve an â€Å"A† they feel less than their peers. I also have seen instances where they will pick the easiest assignment or not bother to complete extra credit assignments for grading. Therefore, in this regard I do agree that grading does play a factor in their learning experience.However, the practicality of overcoming the mindset of a nation of people is a daunting task that may very well take years to persuade. As much as I may agree with Mr. Kohn’s ideology, I do not see this becoming mainstreamed within the educational system any time in the near future. His ideology would have to be fully embraced by the educational system for steps of improvement in grading students to take hold. This may very well take a grass roots effort from the parents and citizens themselves before ideology could be changed, which would take much time in educating the public on this subject.As much as I personally would love to see this type of learning be prevalent within our educational system I do not see it happening in my lifetime. One can only hope. Such as the case with Lance Armstrong, our hopes in him as a nation were dashed with the admission of doping. As with many of our athletes, it is always a disappointment when news of their achievement is eroded by one form of cheating or another. His achievements are outstanding and his passion and dedication for bicycling is inspiring, especially having overcome the dread of cancer.We are always looking to others to motivate us, or inspire us to do more than we think we are capable of doing, which is what makes his admission so painful. I agree that I was shocked by the news, but is the punishment truly warranted; to remove all seven of his Tour de France victories? I don’t believe it is warranted, neither can it be proven as he had been tested numerous times over the years and never tested positive. An admission alone is not proof enough and should not warrant such an ardent punishment. Although I agree with the writer’s disappointment I do not agree with striping him of all his wins.People are not always what you think they are. As with Dilma Rousse ff, the darling of the Brazilian government, her rags to riches story is compelling. While I applaud Ms. Rousseff’s accomplishments, it remains to be seen if she in fact will be the savior of her country or the start of its demise. Her ideology that government can fix all the economic problems by stimulating the economy with stimulus packages in my opinion is just a temporary fix. Just as we have seen in our own country with the bank bailouts and the loans to the automotive corporations has only delayed the effects of a slumped economy.The promise that better days are ahead remains exactly that, somewhere over the horizon. Do I feel that it is wrong for the government to stimulate the economy, no, but neither do I believe that the government is our savior. This world’s economy is such a delicate balancing act that anything outside of your own four walls can ultimately be your downfall. Each article evokes a different response from the wish of a complete overhaul of our educational system, to our hopes dashed by choices made by one of our star athletes, to skepticism of big brother being our fix all.As much as I agree with the ideology of De-Grading the implementation would be difficult at best. Armstrong’s rise to fame and demise is one that will be remembered for years by those for and against the ruling levied against him. Finally, everyone loves the underdog such as the case with Ms. Rousseff but it remains to be seen if her ideology of government intervention is truly the best approach for Brazil’s economic future. In conclusion, I would more than likely read more articles written by these writers because of their ability to persuade and keep the attention of the reader.

No Religion or School Prayer in Public Schools Essay

The separation of the church and the state has been debated since the birth of this nation. In 1789 when the Constitution was adopted, the separation of church and state issue focused on preventing a government mandated religion (Davis 245). The framers of the Constitution knew first hand the harmful consequences of a government that has complete control over religion. Protecting the religious freedoms of the various religions seeking refuge in America also raised great concern. Each religion s hould be given the same rights when practicing their beliefs. For these reasons, the First Amendment of hte Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution. This amendment denies the government any involvement with religion and allows†¦show more content†¦The First Amendment clearly establishes that there exists a wall of separation between the church and state (Leinwand 296A). A loose interpretation that would permit cracks in this wall cannot be tolerated. Any attempt of t he government to either favor or discourage a religion should be found unconstitutional by the court system. Over the years the Supreme Court has contributed a long list of precedents for cases dealing with religion in the public school system. These decisions have more clearly defined religions limitations within the boundaries of the school. One of t he earliest cases which effectively maintained the separation of church and state was Everson v. Board of Education in 1947. The case questioned the right of the state of New Jersey to use tax funds to bus children to both public schools and priv ate religious schools (Gay 27). The ruling found any involvement of the government with religiously oriented activities or institutions in direct violation of the First Amendment. In his majority ruling, Justice Hugo Black emphasized that the First Amen dment prohibited the government from passing laws that would promote or support with tax funds any or all religions (Gaddy 182). In this case, the court system clearly saw the threat to religious freedom that could arise if the government is capable of f inancially supporting or avidly promoting anyShow MoreRelated Religion and School Prayer in Public Schools Essays1853 Words   |  8 Pagespractice the same religion, Americas first legislators made certain that government intervention in religious matters was prohibited. Therefore, religious freedom was ensured in the First Amendment to the Constitution, as it states, Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. . . (Whitehead, Rights 49). This statement allowed Americans to f reely express and practice or chose not to practice a religion. The two distinct partsRead More Religion and Prayer in Public Schools Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesReligion in Public Schools    The practice of religion has been a major factor in American culture for centuries. The religion clause of the First Amendment, which states Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, was developed to preserve the freedom of religion (Haynes 2). The religion clause was designed to protect religion from the control of the government, but, consequently, it restricts the expression of religionRead More Religion and Prayer Must Not be Permitted in Public School Essay1823 Words   |  8 Pagesthe inability to practice a desired religion or not to practice one at all. Since the newly formed country was made up of people from more than one religious background, the government had to come up with a way to accommodate all of its citizens. 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In the United States, organized prayer in public schools is prohibited because it goes against the Constitution’s separation of church and state (Jinkins 123). The United States promises religious freedom, but is yet to define the degree and li mitation of that liberty. However, AmericanRead More Prevent Coercive Prayer In Public Schools Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pages Prevent Coercive Prayer in Public Schools The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America reads: quot;Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.quot; This amendment, commonly called the Establishment Clause, forms the foundation of the right of every American to practice their chosen religion freely and without the interference of the government. In 1947, the Supreme Court issued a statement emphasizingRead MorePublic Schools Should Not Be The Place For Religious Practices1601 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the many foundations of the United States as a nation was religion. When people fled their homes in search of a new place, one of the many reasons was due to religious freedom. Almost immediately conflicts arose between religions, and their belief systems. No problems seem to arise with teaching religion to children in school until the 1900 s. That is when the courts decided religious instructions in public schools would be deemed unconstitutional. Court cases started around the country withRead MoreThe Prayer On Public Schools1240 Words   |  5 PagesCentury and into the 21st, school prayer has been the focal point of an ongoing debate about the position of religion in American civilization. The question of the legality of prayer in public schools brings together a number of important notions in American gover nment and legal philosophy. Opponents and proponents of school prayer set forth their arguments in such major constitutional issues as the separation of church and state, the right to free exercise of religion, and the respective powersRead MorePrayer in School Essay example1375 Words   |  6 Pagesthough public schools today are without school prayer, most schools have replaced prayer, with a Silent moment of reflection. Also, the assumption if there is a God or not is a big question as well. I think prayer should be re-instated into schools, because children should be able to express religion freely. I also feel that lack of discipline; youth pregnancy, dropouts, and violence in schools are other issues that can be more controllable if there were religious classes and school prayer. Public